RiaX
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hmmmm unfortunately its against the law to release hospital files without ethical clearence so I cant go and get hospital records for LSD indueced psychosis.
Lippincott's illustrated reviews, Pharmacology 3rd edition. Richard D Howland, Mary J Mycek. Pg 122-123
South African Medical Formulary, 7th ed. page 550
Okay now into manufacture of LSD.
First lyseric acid must be neutralised with lithium hydroxide (the electrolyte in Li based batteries, and is hazardous). This forms lithium lysergate which is then reacted with sulphur-trioxide dimethylformamide (carcenogenic) to for a crude LSD prouduct. When this is put into a crystal form, since you dont have industrial grade or pharmaceutical grade purifiers theses solvents and chemicals get trapped as impurities within LSD crystals. As per Synaesthesia's reference LSD on the street usually is at a 60% purity level, unadultered means a secondary ACTIVE ingredient is not added, doesnt speak for expients or formulating ingredients.
Next to use lyseric acid with carbonyldiimiazole (unknown toxicity, considered carcinogenic) then later reacting it with diethylamide (this you cant do because you wont be able to get diethylamide without anyone noticing).
Another method is to react lysergic acid with trifluoroacetic anhydride (cardiotoxic) then treating the reactants with diethylamide.
You can also make LSD from fungii or certain ergot alkaloids. You treat the alkaloid with hydrazine hydrate (extremely toxic and carcinogenic, Acute exposure can also damage the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system) since this compound is so toxic to get rid of it you have to use sodium nitrate to create azides (which forms certain azide groups that are half as toxic as cyanide). Then you treate the mixture with diethylamide to create LSD. Again a crude production at best.
Now if you really want to make good pure LSD you got to fractionate them out, but without the expensive machines you not doing much good here. Most of the time they just remove the iso-LSD which is inactive to produce a potent product. Potent cheap product = good business.
Now for LSD stamps and sublingual they react it out to form a salt of LSD then dissolve that salt with methanol or a hydrocarbon you need a solvent that would increase permeability with respect to the blood brain barrier. Sublingual routes avoid first-pass metabolism rendering the body's ability to remove harmful products from ingestion useless, hence again why purity is of the most importance.
Since you cant go to a shop and say "hi Id like to buy some lysergic acid" , the chemists make their own. They do this by again using alkaloids by refluxing the alkaloid with potassium hydroxide and hydrazine (as discussed toxic) a methanol/water solution mixture (heat it to a reactive temperature to encourage reaction, requires specialised lab equipment if you interested in safety for the finished product, or you can do it on a stove in a pot D: )
or you can get lyseric acid from cultures but that would take too long.
So ask yourself how much does 15micrograms of a substance is ? then look at the product in your hand and ask yourself how much does it weigh? then consider what the different in mass is made of. Like most substances the effects can be felt many years after you take it, as its cardiotoxic for example. You are unaware of all these processes working in the body because one you goofed and two you not medically trained (i assume). Your arguements would hold IF you had a product purified and manufactured according to good manufacture procedures and company SOP to ensure high quality of a drug. With a street drug there are no rules, generally made cruedly and cheaply as quickly as possible so you dont get caught. If you take it and dont die with a couple hours, its good enough for them. If you think they doing a good service for the community then Im afraid you are trusting a drug dealer and that is beyond stupid frankly.
Multiple sites in the CNS are affected by LSD. The drug shows 5-HT agonist activity at presynaptic receptors in the midbrain, binding to both 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system occurs, which causes pupillary dilation, increased blood pressure, piloerection and increased body temperature. Taken orally, low doses of LSD can induce hallucinations with brilliant colours. Mood alterations also occurs. Tolerence and physcal dependence have occurred, but true dependence is rare. Adverse effects include hyperreflexia, nausea and muscular weakness. High doses may produce long-lasting psychotic changes in susceptible individuals. Haloperidol and other neuroleptics can block the hallucinatory action of LSD and quickly abort the syndrome
Lippincott's illustrated reviews, Pharmacology 3rd edition. Richard D Howland, Mary J Mycek. Pg 122-123
Acute toxic effects include restlessness, anxiety, tremors and incoordination, dilated pupils, depersonalization, hallucinations (usually visual), illusions (often more pronounced than hallucinations), paranoia, panic reactions and mild hypertension. Severe anxiety, panic reactions and paranoia often combined with depression and suicidal thoughts may be perceived as a 'bad trip'. Although rhabdomyolysis, malignant hyperthermia, seizures and coma have been reported
South African Medical Formulary, 7th ed. page 550
Okay now into manufacture of LSD.
First lyseric acid must be neutralised with lithium hydroxide (the electrolyte in Li based batteries, and is hazardous). This forms lithium lysergate which is then reacted with sulphur-trioxide dimethylformamide (carcenogenic) to for a crude LSD prouduct. When this is put into a crystal form, since you dont have industrial grade or pharmaceutical grade purifiers theses solvents and chemicals get trapped as impurities within LSD crystals. As per Synaesthesia's reference LSD on the street usually is at a 60% purity level, unadultered means a secondary ACTIVE ingredient is not added, doesnt speak for expients or formulating ingredients.
Next to use lyseric acid with carbonyldiimiazole (unknown toxicity, considered carcinogenic) then later reacting it with diethylamide (this you cant do because you wont be able to get diethylamide without anyone noticing).
Another method is to react lysergic acid with trifluoroacetic anhydride (cardiotoxic) then treating the reactants with diethylamide.
You can also make LSD from fungii or certain ergot alkaloids. You treat the alkaloid with hydrazine hydrate (extremely toxic and carcinogenic, Acute exposure can also damage the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system) since this compound is so toxic to get rid of it you have to use sodium nitrate to create azides (which forms certain azide groups that are half as toxic as cyanide). Then you treate the mixture with diethylamide to create LSD. Again a crude production at best.
Now if you really want to make good pure LSD you got to fractionate them out, but without the expensive machines you not doing much good here. Most of the time they just remove the iso-LSD which is inactive to produce a potent product. Potent cheap product = good business.
Now for LSD stamps and sublingual they react it out to form a salt of LSD then dissolve that salt with methanol or a hydrocarbon you need a solvent that would increase permeability with respect to the blood brain barrier. Sublingual routes avoid first-pass metabolism rendering the body's ability to remove harmful products from ingestion useless, hence again why purity is of the most importance.
Since you cant go to a shop and say "hi Id like to buy some lysergic acid" , the chemists make their own. They do this by again using alkaloids by refluxing the alkaloid with potassium hydroxide and hydrazine (as discussed toxic) a methanol/water solution mixture (heat it to a reactive temperature to encourage reaction, requires specialised lab equipment if you interested in safety for the finished product, or you can do it on a stove in a pot D: )
or you can get lyseric acid from cultures but that would take too long.
So ask yourself how much does 15micrograms of a substance is ? then look at the product in your hand and ask yourself how much does it weigh? then consider what the different in mass is made of. Like most substances the effects can be felt many years after you take it, as its cardiotoxic for example. You are unaware of all these processes working in the body because one you goofed and two you not medically trained (i assume). Your arguements would hold IF you had a product purified and manufactured according to good manufacture procedures and company SOP to ensure high quality of a drug. With a street drug there are no rules, generally made cruedly and cheaply as quickly as possible so you dont get caught. If you take it and dont die with a couple hours, its good enough for them. If you think they doing a good service for the community then Im afraid you are trusting a drug dealer and that is beyond stupid frankly.