A 2013 study from the UK, which examined filicides in England and Wales between 1997 and 2006, found that 40% of filicide offenders had a recorded mental illness. Young age in the offender was also a factor.
Other risk factors include acrimonious relationship breakdowns and post-separation parenting disputes. Alcohol, drug use, previous offending, a history of domestic violence and suicidal tendencies all increase the risk of offending.
“Spouse revenge” filicide
This final category consists of parents who kill their offspring in a deliberate attempt to make their spouses suffer. The prototype is found in Euripides’ play, Medea. After killing their two sons, Medea told her unfaithful husband, Jason, “Thy sons are dead and gone. That will stab thy heart” (Oates and O’Neill, 1938). The most common precipitants for spouse revenge filicide are spousal infidelity and child custody disputes.
Lillian De Bortoli, a researcher at Swimburne University in Australia, has identified three types of fathers who murder their children:
- De Facto Male: This type of child killer is a live-in boyfriend or stepfather. He typically kills only one child and has a history of abusing the child. Murders of this type are usually hands-on and quite violent, with stomping, throwing, beating, strangling, etc., involved.
- Separated Father: The current case in Texas fits this category. The murdered children are his own flesh and blood. Estranged from the mother, a father in this category generally has a history of abusing her, the children, or both. The abuse may have prompted the separation. Revenge against the mother is the motivation, and the killing often occurs during custody disputes.
- Coupled Father: A father who kills his children while the family is still intact, he typically has a criminal history. This type is at high risk of being not just a child killer, but a family annihilator. Most of these murders involve multiple victims, and in the case of family annihilators, may include not only the children’s mother, but also members of the extended family and anyone else who happens to be present when the frenzy begins.
In each of these categories, the killer is likely to have underlying mental health issues that make him susceptible to rumination, rage, obsession, and the other toxic moods and emotions that build to a critical mass. That’s no excuse, unless the killer is truly psychotic.
The problem we have in South Africa is that we have so many incredibly damaged human beings wandering around. The sheer brutality of life in your average township damages people - cognitively, developmentally, psychologically even physically. And we do nothing to help them, change them, teach them, save them.