Well, if it was only on one machine, it could have been refresh rate set too high for the monitor, but if it doesn't work on another machine, it's unlikely! When you set the resolution high, and refresh rate high on some older monitors, they can't handle it so they just go dead as you explained. Check it out. Boot in Safe mode, drop the resolution and refresh rate, see if it works? Bessides, how did you install Windows on a fresh install? In safe mode? I doubt that!
Safe mode (there is no real "software rendering" mode here because it's 2D).
3D instructions on those cards use different areas of the card than the 2D instructions! So this is very plausible that the GPU (3D processing unit) is shot, still in most cases it would have taken the whole card out too. But as we know, a few blown transistors will still let the card work in some cases/areas!