Health risks
All types of parachuting technique are dangerous, but HALO/HAHO carry special risks. At high altitudes (greater than 22,000 feet [6,700 m]), the partial pressure of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere is low. Oxygen is required for human respiration and lack of pressure can lead to hypoxia. Also, rapid ascent in the jump aircraft without all nitrogen flushed from the bloodstream can lead to decompression sickness (also known as caisson disease or "the bends").
A typical HALO exercise will require a pre-breathing period (30–45 minutes) prior to jump where the jumper breathes 100% oxygen in order to flush nitrogen from their bloodstream. Also, a HALO jumper will employ an oxygen bottle during the jump. Danger can come from medical conditions affecting the jumper. For example, cigarette smoking, alcohol and drug use (including histamine antagonists, sedatives, and analgesics), anemia, carbon monoxide, fatigue and anxiety can all lead to a jumper being more susceptible to hypoxia. In addition, problems with the oxygen bottle and during the changeover from the pre-breather to the oxygen bottle can result in the return of nitrogen to the jumper's bloodstream and, therefore, an increased likelihood of decompression sickness. Theoretically, a single breath of atmospheric air may elevate the jumper's arterial nitrogen level to dangerous levels. A jumper suffering from hypoxia may lose consciousness and therefore be unable to open his parachute. A jumper suffering from decompression sickness may die or become permanently disabled from nitrogen bubbles in the bloodstream, which causes inflammation of joints.
Another risk is from the low ambient temperatures prevalent at higher altitudes. At an altitude of 35,000 feet, the jumper faces temperatures of –45 °C (–50 °F), and can experience frostbite. However, HALO jumpers generally wear polypropylene knit undergarments and other warm clothing to prevent this.
The west is shouting at Russia for help now, but they are busy imposing sanctions on Russia and excluding it in international events, I hope Russia continue to ignore this calls, this countries only wants Russia to intervene only when it suits them, Russia should either be recognised as a partner or not a partner not partner when a plane has been shot down only
The west is shouting at Russia for help now, but they are busy imposing sanctions on Russia and excluding it in international events, I hope Russia continue to ignore this calls, this countries only wants Russia to intervene only when it suits them, Russia should either be recognised as a partner or not a partner not partner when a plane has been shot down only
The west is shouting at Russia for help now, but they are busy imposing sanctions on Russia and excluding it in international events, I hope Russia continue to ignore this calls, this countries only wants Russia to intervene only when it suits them, Russia should either be recognised as a partner or not a partner not partner when a plane has been shot down only
Haha! Russia's militants shoot down a civilian plane, which makes the West demand Russia take action against the rebels, to force them to negotiate and to let experts handle the crash site, but you see it as reason to claim, that Russia must be treated as an equal partner, since you believe the West wants Russia's "help". Hahahaha!![]()
Gravity is always on (the plane couldn't fly without it). At the time of the missile hit everyone is travelling parallel to the ground at about 850 km/h. As the fuselage breaks apart, some people are immediately thrown into the air and hit by the 850 km/h wind at say -50 C. As they rapidly decelerate over a few seconds owing to wind resistance their fall arcs downwards until all forward momentum is lost and they fall vertically down. Others might well stay belted to their seats in sections of the fuselage, now plummeting to earth. These are the ones most likely to have a prolonged experience of the horror. At that altitude the air is less dense, with insufficient oxygen. But those who are not instantly killed by hitting the 800 km/h airstream and objects moved by it might well lose consciousness within a minute or two owing to lack of oxygen (the effect is not instant, as you can establish by holding your breath) and cold. As their falling bodies reach denser air it is quite possible to recover consciousness again, and to be conscious until impact.
Actually if your brain will blackout from lack of oxygen within seconds. People with the guillotine headlock can vouch for this.
Haha! Russia's militants shoot down a civilian plane, which makes the West demand Russia take action against the rebels, to force them to negotiate and to let experts handle the crash site, but you see it as reason to claim, that Russia must be treated as an equal partner, since you believe the West wants Russia's "help". Hahahaha!![]()
The west is shouting at Russia for help now, but they are busy imposing sanctions on Russia and excluding it in international events, I hope Russia continue to ignore this calls, this countries only wants Russia to intervene only when it suits them, Russia should either be recognised as a partner or not a partner not partner when a plane has been shot down only
Why don't the mighty American army just move in and blast the separatists without Russian help? If Russia is an international partner it should be treated as such!
Why don't the mighty American army just move in and blast the separatists without Russian help? If Russia is an international partner it should be treated as such!
Russia is being isolated precisely because they haven't been acting like an 'international partner' since this fiasco began.
fiasco.
We assess that Flight MH17 was likely downed by a SA-11 surface-to-air missile from separatist-controlled territory in eastern Ukraine. We base this judgment on several factors.
Over the past month, we have detected an increasing amount of heavy weaponry to separatist fighters crossing the border from Russia into Ukraine. Last weekend, Russia sent a convoy of military equipment with up to 150 vehicles including tanks, armored personnel carriers, artillery, and multiple rocket launchers to the separatist. We also have information indicating that Russia is providing training to separatist fighters at a facility in southwest Russia, and this effort included training on air defense systems.
Pro-Russian separatist fighters have demonstrated proficiency with surface-to-air missile systems and have downed more than a dozen aircraft over the past few months, including two large transport aircraft.
At the time that flight MH17 dropped out of contact, we detected a surface-to-air missile (SAM) launch from a separatist-controlled area in southeastern Ukraine. We believe this missile was an SA-11.
Intercepts of separatist communications posted on YouTube by the Ukrainian government indicate the separatists were in possession of a SA-11 system as early as Monday July 14th. In the intercepts, the separatists made repeated references to having and repositioning Buk (SA-11) systems.
Social media postings on Thursday show an SA-11 system traveling through the separatist-controlled towns of Torez and Snizhne, near the crash site and assessed location of the SAM launch. From this location, the SA-11 has the range and altitude capability to have shot down flight MH17.
Ukraine also operates SA-11 systems, but we are confident no Ukrainian air defense systems were within range of the crash. Ukrainian forces have also not fired a single surface-to-air missile during the conflict, despite often complaining about violations of their airspace by Russian military aircraft.
Shortly after the crash, separatists – including the self-proclaimed “Defense Minister” of the Donetsk People’s Republic Igor Strelkov – claimed responsibility for shooting down a military transport plane on social media.
In an intercepted conversation that has been widely posted on the internet, a known-separatist leader tells another person that a separatist faction downed the aircraft. After it became evident that the plane was a civilian airliner, separatists deleted social media posts boasting about shooting down a plane and possessing a Buk (SA-11) SAM system.
Audio data provided to the press by the Ukrainian security service was evaluated by Intelligence Community analysts who confirmed these were authentic conversations between known separatist leaders, based on comparing the Ukraine-released internet audio to recordings of known separatists.
Video posted on social media yesterday show an SA-11 on a transporter traveling through the Krasnodon are back to Russia. The video indicated the system was missing at least one missile, suggesting it had conducted a launch.
Events on the ground at the crash site clearly demonstrate that separatists are in full control of the area.