China is in the midst of an epidemic caused by an emergent strain of coronavirus. The World Health Organization formally named the disease COVID-19, and the Coronavirus Study Group named the underlying virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2. A cluster of unusual pneumonia patients was first detected in late December, and the novel coronavirus was officially identified as the reason on January 8. To date, it has caused over 78,000 confirmed cases and 2,445 confirmed deaths, primarily in the Hubei province of China. It has spread to 29 countries or territories so far, including the United States, which has 14 diagnosed cases, and an additional 21 cases in individuals who were flown back to the U.S. after infection. One U.S. citizen has died of the virus in Wuhan, China. Naturally, the disease has left a lot of questions in its wake.
Have we ever seen anything like this before?
Yes. In fact, SARS-CoV-2 is the third pathogenic novel coronavirus to emerge over the past two decades. The first, discovered in 2003 and named SARS-CoV, caused SARS, a serious and atypical pneumonia. The second, MERS-CoV, emerged a decade later in the Middle East and caused a similar respiratory ailment called Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Since its identification, 2,494 cases of MERS-CoV infection and nearly 900 deaths have been documented. The SARS-CoV epidemic proved larger but less deadly, with approximately 8,000 cases and nearly 800 deaths.