A formal qualification is important. If not that, then lots of experience.
Quality control and configuration management must be good. Tractability on changes (hardware and software) is extremely important.
I quickly had a look at two adverts for software type roles that were advertised in the last 6 months.
1. Graduate Software Engineer (12 month program)
Your role
Create a design from documented requirements
Implementation/development of software products using C++ and Qt
Software unit integration and testing
Assist with software requirements analysis
Estimating software development effort
Assist with software config management, quality assurance, corrective action, software reviews and software maintenance
Experience and skills
Hands on C++ experience
Some experience in databases
Experience in software development and coding, software specifications practices, software and hardware integration
Good working knowledge of MS office
Qualifications
B Eng (Electronic/Computer), BSc Computer Science or similar
2. Software Engineer
Your role
Form part of Software Engineering group, work independantly and collaborating with cross-functional teams.
Be involved in all phases of software development life cycle, planning, requirements, design, implementation and testing
Participate in technical meetings and design reviews
Create/Maintain software development documentation according to military and avionics standards
Software config and version control
Experience and skills
Minimum 5 years software development experience in a development environment
Strong C/ C++ / C# programming skills
Experience in industry standards and best practice in software architechture and design
Strong communication skills
Software development experience in an avionics or military environment will be an advantage
Software certification experience, using RTCA DO178 will be an advantage
Qualifications
B Eng (Electronic/Computer), BSc Computer Science or similar
Some people are ex-military, but mostly not. Those that are, are mainly the guys that did national service way back when and used that time to learn a trade. We have lots of ex military technicians here.
For the rest of us, we are normal engineers that did time in varsity or similar.
And yes, State Owned Enterprises....