South Africa remains the epicenter of the HIV pandemic as the largest AIDS epidemic in the world—20 percent of all people living with HIV are in South Africa, and 20 percent of new HIV infections occur there too. The country also faces a high burden of tuberculosis (TB), including multi-drug resistant TB, which amplifies its HIV epidemic. Of particular concern are South Africa’s
hyper-epidemics, many in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces, and the concentration in specific populations like AGYW. Of the estimated 7.2 million South Africans living with HIV, nearly 60 percent are women over the age of 15. HIV prevalence in other key populations—female sex workers, men who have sex with men, transgender women, and people who inject drugs—remains unacceptably high, in some cases double the
national prevalence rate of approximately 19 percent.