There is nothing stopping anyone from achieving these super earnings. You just need a solid track record of managing people and capital and building companies.
If there were a glut of such qualified people ready to take on these roles, the salaries wouldn't be so high. But there is a distinct shortage. Shareholders demand the best, and are prepared to pay for it.
And when you take on a job like this, you are sacrificng your life. No such things as quiet evenings at home with the familiy. No such thing as weekend getaways. Your life is not your own. Every minute of your day is planned and optimized. You walk around in a glass bowl, your every move and comment assessed and judged.
Personally, I much prefer being a well paid specialist/operator than being in upper management of a large corporation.
Achieving the rewards without selling your soul. That is the challenge.