{"id":226295,"date":"2017-08-27T15:04:16","date_gmt":"2017-08-27T13:04:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mybroadband.co.za\/news\/?p=226295"},"modified":"2017-08-27T15:04:50","modified_gmt":"2017-08-27T13:04:50","slug":"when-tech-companies-censor-the-internet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mybroadband.co.za\/news\/internet\/226295-when-tech-companies-censor-the-internet.html","title":{"rendered":"When tech companies censor the Internet"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>By Cindy Cohn for EFF.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Recent decisions by technology companies, especially \u201cupstream\u201d infrastructure technology companies, to drop neo-Nazis as customers have captured public attention\u2014and for good reason. The content being blocked is vile and horrific, there is growing concern about hate groups across the country, and the nation is focused on issues of racism and protest.<\/p>\n<p>But this is a dangerous moment for Internet expression and the power of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/jillianyork\/silicon-valleys-nazi-purge?utm_term=.opkz5zGzW#.jfvV0VGVX\">private platforms<\/a>\u00a0that host much of the speech on the Internet. People cheering for companies who have censored content in recent weeks may soon find the same tactic used against causes they love. We must be careful about what we are asking these companies to do and carefully review the processes they use to do it. A look at previous examples that EFF has handled in the past 10+ years can help demonstrate\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/deeplinks\/2017\/08\/fighting-neo-nazis-future-free-expression\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">why we are so concerned<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"my-4\">Complaints to \u201cUpstream\u201d Speech Intermediaries<\/h3>\n<p>This isn\u2019t just a \u201cslippery slope\u201d fear about potential future harm. Complaints to various kinds of intermediaries have been occurring for over a decade. It\u2019s clear that Internet technology companies\u2014especially those further \u201cupstream\u201d like domain name registrars \u2014are simply not equipped or competent to distinguish between good complaints and bad in the U.S. much less around the world. They also have no strong mechanisms for allowing due process or correcting mistakes. Instead they merely react to where the pressure is greatest or where their business interests lie.<b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Here are just a few cases EFF has handled or helped from the last decade where complaints went \u201cupstream\u201d to website hosts and DNS providers, impacting activist groups specifically. And this is not to mention\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/jillianyork\/silicon-valleys-nazi-purge?utm_term=.vha2VnNnZ#.erMBD9q9Z\">the many times direct user platforms like Facebook and Twitter<\/a>\u00a0have censored content from artists, activists, and others.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The U.S. Chamber of Commerce sent a complaint about a parody website created by activist group\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/theyesmen.org\/\">The Yes Men<\/a>\u00a0not merely to its hosting service, May First\/People Link, but to that service\u2019s upstream ISP,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.he.net\/\">Hurricane Electric<\/a>.\u00a0When the hosting service\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mayfirst.org\/\">May First\/People Link<\/a>\u00a0resisted Hurricane Electric\u2019s demands to remove the parody site, Hurricane Electric shut down MayFirst\/PeopleLink\u2019s connection entirely, temporarily\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/motherjones.com\/mojo\/2009\/10\/site-sore-eyes-chamber-targets-yes-men-parody-website\">taking offline hundreds of &#8220;innocent bystander&#8221; websites as collateral damage<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Shell Oil sent a takedown notice to the ISP of activist group\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/priceofoil.org\/\">Oil Change International<\/a>\u00a0after it\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/localhost\/%E2%80%A2%09https\/::web.archive.org:web:20090428153345:http\/::%20www.shelljazzfest.com:\">launched a campaign<\/a>\u00a0aimed at Shell\u2019s sponsorship of New Orleans Jazz Fest. The ISP removed the site, abruptly halting the campaign.<\/li>\n<li>Unhappy with a single document published on the giant website Cryptome.org, Microsoft sent complaints to Cryptome\u2019s domain name registrar and web hosting provider, Network Solutions. As a result, hosting provider\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/threatlevel\/2010\/02\/microsoft-cryptome\">Network Solutions pulled the plug on the\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/threatlevel\/2010\/02\/microsoft-cryptome\"><i>entire<\/i><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/threatlevel\/2010\/02\/microsoft-cryptome\">\u00a0Cryptome website<\/a>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0full of legal content \u2014\u00a0because Network Solutions was not technically capable of targeting and removing the single document. The site was not restored until wide outcry in the blogosphere forced Microsoft to retract its takedown request.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/deeplinks\/2008\/11\/de-beers-internet-intermediaries\">Threats to the domain host<\/a>\u00a0of a critic of South African diamond conglomerate De Beers resulted in the temporary takedown of a\u00a0<i>New York Times<\/i>\u00a0spoof website that included, in part, a critical\u00a0<a  data-lightbox=\"post-image\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes-se.com\/nytse\/wp-content\/uploads\/diamonds-banner-336-animated.gif\">fake ad<\/a>\u00a0announcing that diamond purchases &#8220;will enable us to donate a prosthetic for an African whose hand was lost in diamond conflicts.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Swiss bank Julius Baer pressured the domain name registrar for\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wikileaks.org\/\">Wikileaks.org<\/a>\u00a0to lock the domain name after the organization posted documents demonstrating financial wrongdoing, and then obtained a court ruling confirming the censorship. In response to legal briefs by\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eff.org\/files\/filenode\/baer_v_wikileaks\/motiontointervene.pdf\">EFF<\/a>\u00a0and others objecting to this tactic, the district court dissolved the order, leading Julius Baer to\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eff.org\/files\/filenode\/baer_v_wikileaks\/wikileaks105.pdf\">dismiss its case<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Media giant ABC sent a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eff.org\/files\/filenode\/spocko\/ABC_cd.pdf\">cease and desist letter<\/a>\u00a0on behalf of KSFO-AM radio in San Francisco to the webhost of the blog\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.spockosbrain.com\/\">www.spockosbrain.com<\/a>, after that site criticized the offensive and violent rhetoric on the radio station aimed at Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi and then-Senator Barak Obama.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You\u2019ll notice that complainers in these cases are powerful corporations. That\u2019s not a coincidence. Large companies have the time, money, and scary lawyers to pressure intermediaries to do their bidding\u2014something smaller communities rarely have.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"my-4\">When Governments Get Involved<\/h3>\n<p>The story gets much more frightening when governments enter the conversation. All of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/transparencyreport\/removals\/government\/?utm_source=privacy+bookmarks\">major<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/privacy\/government-information-requests\/\">technology<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/govtrequests.facebook.com\/\">companies<\/a>\u00a0publish transparency reports documenting the many efforts made by governments around the world to require the companies to take down their customer\u2019s speech.<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/deeplinks\/2017\/08\/10-years-activists-silenced-internet-intermediaries-long-history-censorship#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>China ties the domain name system to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/2010\/03\/godaddy-stops-selling-cn-domains-over-china-censorship-concerns\/\">tracking systems<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/deeplinks\/2015\/10\/accepting-chinese-censorship-domains-registry-xyzcom-invites-more\">censorship<\/a>. Russia-backed groups flag Ukrainian speech, Chinese groups flag Tibetan speech, Israeli groups flag Palestinian speech, just to name a few. Every state has some reason to try to bend the core intermediaries to their agenda, which is why EFF along with a number of international organizations created the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manilaprinciples.org\/\">Manila Principles<\/a>\u00a0to set out the basic rules for intermediaries to follow when responding to these governmental pressures. Those concerned about the position of the current U.S. government with regard to Black Lives Matter, Antifa groups, and similar left-leaning communities should take note: efforts to urge the current U.S. government to treat them as hate groups have already begun.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"my-4\">The Risks of Embracing Censorship<\/h3>\n<p>Will the Internet remain a place where small, marginalized voices get heard? For every tech CEO now worried about neo-Nazis there are\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/facebooks-hate-speech-policies-censor-marginalized-users\/\">hundreds of decisions<\/a>\u00a0made to silence voices that are made outside of public scrutiny with no transparency into decision-making or easy ways to get mistakes corrected. We understand the impulse to cheer any decisions to stand up against horrific speech, but if we embrace \u201cupstream\u201d intermediary censorship, it may very well come back to haunt us.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/deeplinks\/2017\/08\/10-years-activists-silenced-internet-intermediaries-long-history-censorship#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0January-June, 2016, worldwide requests:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/govtrequests.facebook.com\/\">Facebook: 9,666<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/transparencyreport.google.com\/government-removals\/\">Google: 6,552<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/deeplinks\/2017\/08\/10-years-activists-silenced-internet-intermediaries-long-history-censorship\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EFF<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"my-4\">Now read:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mybroadband.co.za\/news\/government\/201804-freedom-of-expression-frustrates-censorship-of-content-harmful-to-children.html\" rel=\"bookmark\">Freedom of expression \u201cfrustrates\u201d censorship of content harmful to children<\/a><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Technology companies dropping neo-Nazis as customers has captured public attention.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":100496,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18668,18],"tags":[10328,35],"class_list":["post-226295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-government","category-internet","tag-censorship","tag-headline"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybroadband.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226295"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybroadband.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybroadband.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybroadband.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybroadband.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=226295"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/mybroadband.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226295\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":226387,"href":"https:\/\/mybroadband.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226295\/revisions\/226387"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybroadband.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/100496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mybroadband.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=226295"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybroadband.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=226295"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mybroadband.co.za\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=226295"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}