I think if it was implemented properly from the get-go with the real intent being to actually grow business from grassroots level and with a sunset clause, our country would look very different today. The benefits of helping huge numbers of people participate positively and formally in the economy would far have outweighed the burdens you've mentioned.
Unfortunately the milk is already spilled and now as you say the financial and admin burdens have become properly onerous
It was actually so simple.
1. Make it illegal to discriminate on race
2. Remove all laws and policies that are impeding growth
3. Invest in quality education
Then you would see a natural process of a growing economy needing more and more employees and businesses thereby creating the opportunity for people to uplift themselves.
But what did we do:
1. Added race based laws that are easy to exploit for corruption
2. Added more laws and red tape that makes it harder to start and grow a business
3. Allowed the teachers unions to effectively turn public education into a joke.
I'm old enough to remember when almost every big company had some kind of apprenticeship program where you could upskill yourself in a trade. This was not done out of charity or because it was forced upon them, it was because they needed well trained people because their businesses were growing.
If we could create an environment where business grows, they will out of necessity have to invest in training the people they need.