The IEC's PR calculation is actually quite clever. It is designed to make council seats reflect voters' preferences as closely as possible, while still allowing people to elect their local ward councillor.
1. The basic mathematical principle
Johannesburg has 270 councillors:
- 135 ward councillors.
- 135 PR councillors.
But the IEC does not simply allocate PR seats according to PR ballot percentages. It considers the combined votes received by a party through its ward candidates and its PR list.
The idea is:
Total seats a party deserves − ward seats already won = PR seats still required.
This is why parties that win many wards receive fewer PR seats.
Let's calculate it using the actual Johannesburg 2021 figures.
1. The IEC quota
The IEC's official seat calculation used:
- Total council seats: 270
- Valid combined ward and PR party votes: 1,834,260
- Quota: 6,794 votes per seat
Mandate SA+1
That means approximately every 6,794 combined votes entitled a party to one councillor.
2. Example: ActionSA
ActionSA received approximately 296,345 combined ward and PR votes.
Calculation:
\[296345 \div 6794 \approx 43.62\]
So ActionSA initially qualified for approximately 43 seats, with the remaining seat allocations determined by the IEC's highest-remainder calculation.
Final result:
- Ward seats: 0
- PR seats: 44
- Total: 44 councillors
ESP+1
3. Example: ANC
The ANC received approximately 617,000 combined votes.
\[617000 \div 6794 \approx 90.82\]
The ANC therefore received approximately 91 seats overall.
But it had already won 87 wards.
\[91-87=4\]
Thus:
- Ward seats: 87
- PR seats: 4
- Total: 91 councillors
4. The final Johannesburg result
ESP+1
One correction to keep in mind: The quota calculation is not simply a fixed number of votes per seat in every municipality. Independent ward winners and remaining-seat calculations can affect the final allocation.
The biggest takeaway
In South African local elections:
- A ward victory guarantees one ward councillor.
- A party's combined ward and PR support determines its proportional entitlement.
- PR seats compensate for ward seats already won.
- The final council composition is designed to reflect overall support proportionally.
If you want, I can next explain why South Africa gives voters two ballots in local elections, and whether voting ANC in your ward but DA on the PR ballot can actually help both parties.