Assistance creating solar system

Archer

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I've been trying to create a solar system for the in-laws, but I'm struggling in selecting the inverter. They are on a small holding and during daylight hours the load never goes below 6kW (based on measurements done every 5min and averaged over a month) and peaks at 17kW. So for maximum returns I was thinking to create a 5kW system, solar only (no batteries). The cost of the panels seem fine (generally about R8/W), but when it comes to the inverter I get a bit lost.

Ideally this should be a hybrid system, but for now they will be happy with grid tied. So what inverter would be recommended here, keeping in mind that they may want to expand later on (and assuming single phase). Next, how easy will it be to convert the grid tie system to hybrid later on? You'd obviously place your battery backup in front of the grid tie solution (making a fake grid) but does this end up being much more expensive in the long run?
 
I've been trying to create a solar system for the in-laws, but I'm struggling in selecting the inverter. They are on a small holding

Hmmm you / they might have some SPACE problems if its only a small Holding...
 
It depends on the panels. What is normally the best idea is to get an inverter for each panel grouping of an arbitrary size. For example, if you have a 1kW grouping, use 1kW grid tied inverters.

The reason why is you'd normally wire the panels in series to up the voltage instead of current and limit transmition losses, and expensive thick bus wires. However, in this configuration current output is limited by the minimum current output of any of the series components. So it is senseless to have a really long string when a leaf on any one of the panels drops the entire system's output.

When you convert from grid tied to hybrid, you'd have to replace the inverters to a single hybrid manager. They aren't reusable as you aren't allowed to do any islanding to the grid. Your batteries will be an order of magnitute expensive than the inverters though, so I wouldnt worry about it for now.

The grid tied inverters are around 100USD/kW
 
I think the go to guy for this would be god, he's a bit tricky to get hold of though, no one has seen him for a while. Maybe try get hold of his son, apparently he's mostly available on Sundays.
 
Amazed at the comments :)

For some good information - have a read on the powerforum (www.powerforum.co.za) Apologies if you know some/all of what I'll try and explain below.

To save you a lot of time and effort there are some basic things you need to know first - it is unfortunately not as straight forward as buying "some panels" and an inverter. Honest opinion would be to use a recommended installer to supply and do it all for you - in the long run its worth having an expert to give you the backup when things go wrong - but of course you pay for that.

I can recommend somebody in the Western Cape, just PM me if you are interested.

With regards to the Inverter:

Either GT (Grid Tie) or Hybrid.

For hybrid there are many options, but I would use one that the installers are familiar with, and where they have tested backup support in case things go wrong. (There are some cheap ones around that are popular - but a lot of negative feedback when things went wrong and the suppliers took months to resolve it)

For GT:

I would highly recommend Fronius - professional units, well priced, long warranties (5 Years out the box - extendable) and it has all the features like wifi, cloud storage for stats etc. There are a few other brands as well.

The Primo range is what I use myself:

http://www.fronius.com/cps/rde/xchg...ronius_usa/hs.xsl/2714_11381.htm#.WD0kOFxuOLU

Something like the 6.0-1 or perhaps 8.2-1 - what makes them attractive is that you can add a lot of PV on a single single phase unit. There are a few prices on the web - but the 6.0-1 is around 30-40k. They are also on the approved list of City of Cape town.

With regards to GT (Grid Tie) or Hybrid - they work and are installed very different. GT does not have any battery chargers, and the install is much simpler and they are far cheaper than the equivalent hybrid (or string of hybrids in parallel)

In essence it "T's into" into your main supply so any power is drawn in combination from whatever your PV array is generating and if it's more than what you draw, the reserve would be fed back into the grid - which is only feasible should you have an old meter - with pre-paid you would have to limit the feeding back to grid which means a lot of "wasted" energy.

If you draw more than your PV generates - the difference will be drawn from the grid (Eskom). (Same with hybrid) Big advantage is that all your current doesn't pass " through" the inverter - which is a problem if you add the whole house, as you are limited to the max current the inverter can handle. In "general" single phase hybrids range between 3000W - 4000W- so your only option would be to either run at least two in parallel (which very few can do) or split your DB board - where some circuits run via inverter 1 and others via inverter 2 - this complicates the install, adds more points of failure etc. To put this into perspective - a microwave oven runs at around 3000W, a kettle as well, a geyser as well. An oven (Smeg) runs at just over 4000W... so ANY of those on at the same time = problems. My previous house had 2x in parallel = 8000W max and I had to be conscious of not having too many things on.

Personal opinion (And you will find very different ones on the internet and forums) would be to go GT, and once the LifePO4 "type" batteries become affordable (ie - cheaper per KW than buying from the grid) add separate battery chargers and a Lithium "type" battery.

A discussion on batteries is a whole other topic - and as said many different opinions, but personally I found lead batteries (which include Lead, AGM, Gel, Lead Crystal) are a waste of money if you dont have a requirement for backup power (loadshedding etc). Technically the lithium type technology is the correct one, but pricey at the moment. (There is a lot of technicalities involved in the battery discussion - too much for typing it out here)

Hope it helps!

PM if you need more info.
 
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