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Is nature inherently random? According to some interpretations of quantum mechanics, it is, explaining why we can’t precisely predict the motions of single particles. In the famous double-slit experiment (which, as Richard Feynman declared, “has in it the heart of quantum mechanics”), we cannot predict where exactly an individual photon passing through two slits will land on the photo-sensitive wall on the other side. But we can make extremely precise predictions of the distribution of multiple particles, suggesting that nature may be deterministic after all. Indeed, we can predict too many decimal places what the distribution of billions of photons shot at the double-slit will look like.
This dichotomy between unpredictable individual behaviour and precise group behaviour is not unique to quantum mechanics. There are many novel and strange aspects of quantum physics — particle-wave duality, quantum entanglement and the uncertainty principle, for instance — but probabilistic equations that give precise predictions of ensemble behaviour are not among them. We see this phenomenon wherever very large numbers of like elements interact, such as in thermodynamics, where we can predict collective measures like heat and pressure with precision, though we may be completely ignorant about the paths are taken by individual molecules.
More At: https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-randomness-can-arise-from-determinism-20191014/