Johannesburg - Business confidence is at its lowest level in seven years as the RMB/BER Business Confidence Index (BCI) plummeted by 19 index points to 48 during the first quarter of 2008 from 67 during the last quarter of 2007.
The 19-index point plunge in business confidence is the biggest drop between consecutive quarters in 24 years.
This means that while two-thirds of respondents had been satisfied with prevailing business conditions before, fewer than half are satisfied at present.
The last time confidence fell by such a big margin was during the third quarter of 1988 (when the index declined by 18 points), and before that, during the fourth quarter of 1984 (-23).
Deeper slowdown
"The sharp fall in business confidence during the first quarter of 2008 reflects a deepening slowdown in business volumes, profitability coming under pressure, as well as increased economic and political uncertainty," said the researchers.
While various factors impacted on business volumes, the most important were seen as last year's interest rate hikes, the tightening of credit standards (following the introduction of the National Credit Act), escalating inflation (which erodes the real purchasing power of households and consequently their spending), as well as electricity blackouts in January and February.
The increase in interest rates probably also dampened private sector fixed investment, said the researchers.
In addition to slowing volumes, business confidence was also adversely affected by rising costs, as well as an inability to fully pass on higher input costs to customers in an environment of weaker demand. As a result, profit margins came under pressure.
Uncertainty
"If these developments were not enough, increased economic and political uncertainty also weighed on businesses' mood," said the researchers.
The current BCI survey was the first to be conducted after the December 2007 ANC conference.
"The leadership change has increased uncertainty about the direction economic policies will take in future. This is borne out by the percentage of manufacturers rating the political climate as a constraint, which rose sharply from 34% during the fourth quarter of last year to 49% now," said the survey analysts.
International economic prospects have become even more clouded since the previous survey.
Unsettled
"The surge in the oil price, volatility of equity markets, reports of huge financial losses experienced by international banks, and speculation about an imminent US recession must have unsettled many business people," noted the analysts.
Electricity blackouts in January and February made businesses realise that the uninterrupted electricity supply, which they had taken for granted, will not be guaranteed in the future.
"This might have forced many of them to put contingency plans in place and reconsider expansion and the upgrade of plants," said the researchers.
In terms of the sub-components of the RMB/BER BCI, business confidence dropped to below the 50 breakeven point in both the manufacturing (from 69 to 46) and wholesale sectors (from 80 to 45).
Slower economic growth
New vehicle dealer confidence, which had already fallen below the 50 mark last year, declined even further (from 34 to 30). Retailers' confidence fell sharply from 71 to 52 and building contractors' confidence from 83 to 69.
As the fieldwork of the first quarter survey was completed before Eskom announced the delay of the issuing of electricity certificates for all new building projects bigger than a single house, building contractor confidence could fall even further.
Statistics SA recently reported that economic growth (calculated year-on-year) slowed from a peak of 5.7% during in the fourth quarter of 2006, to 4.9% during in the last quarter of 2007.
"The business confidence results for the first quarter of this year foreshadow a further and likely substantial deceleration in economic growth," concluded the survey analysts.
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