Sine-wave speech is a form of artificially degraded speech first developed at Haskins Laboratory. Several seminal experiments on the perception of sine-wave speech are described here:
Remez, R.E., Rubin, P.E., Pisoni, D.B., Carrell, T.D. (1981) Speech perception without traditional speech cues. Science, 212, 947-9. PubMed
In this work, Remez and colleagues demonstrated a dramatic change in the way in which sine-wave speech sentences are perceived, depending on listener's specific prior knowledge. For instance, listen to this WAVE FILE 1
After you have heard WAVE FILE 2; listening to WAVE FILE 1 will no longer be incomprehensible.
Brain Science Cognition - Sine-Wave Speech
The article on this brain science cognition study can be found here; including a few more examples.
Sine-wave Speech Analysis/Synthesis in Matlab
You can also download code from MATLAB to synthesise your own sIne-waves:

