Estimates of excess deaths during sanctions vary depending on the source. The estimates vary [26][32] due to differences in methodologies, and specific time-frames covered.[33] A short listing of estimates follows:
* Unicef: 500,000 children (including sanctions, collateral effects of war). "[As of 1999] [c]hildren under 5 years of age are dying at more than twice the rate they were ten years ago."[26][34]
* Former U.N. Humanitarian Coordinator in Iraq Denis Halliday: "Two hundred thirty-nine thousand children 5 years old and under" as of 1998.[8]
* Iraqi Baathist government: 1.5 million.[24]
* Iraqi Cultural Minister Hammadi: 1.7 million (includes sanctions, bombs and other weapons, depleted uranium poisoning) [35]
* "probably ... 170,000 children", Project on Defense Alternatives, "The Wages of War", 20. October 2003[36]
* 350,000 excess deaths among children "even using conservative estimates", Slate Explainer, "Are 1 Million Children Dying in Iraq?", 9. October 2001.[37]
* "Richard Garfield, a Columbia University nursing professor ... cited the figures 345,000-530,000 for the entire 1990-2002 period"[38] for sanctions-related excess deaths.[39]
* Zaidi, S. and Fawzi, M. C. S., The Lancet (1995, estimate withdrawn in 1997):567,000 children.[11]
* Editor (then "associate editor and media columnist") Matt Welch,[40] Reason Magazine, 2002: "It seems awfully hard not to conclude that the embargo on Iraq has ... contributed to more than 100,000 deaths since 1990."[24][39]
* Former U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark: 1.5 million (includes sanctions, bombs and other weapons, depleted uranium poisoning).[41]
* British Member of Parliament George Galloway: "a million Iraqis, most of them children."[42]
* Economist Michael Spagat: "very likely to be [less than] than half a million children."[11]