Your explanation makes no sense. You are buying from people who are interested in getting rands on Luno.
So if we assume, I'm buying on Luno from somebody that originally got their bitcoin in dollars, that means that they transferred their bitcoin in from somewhere else and paid very little transfer fees. That still would not account for the huge price difference. You can measure other big exchanges from other countries and you won't get that much of a gap. The reason (I'd guess) is that there isn't as much arbitrage going on with Luno.
Their 24 volume is only 289 BTC today. The dollar exchanges do thousands/tens of thousands of BTC easily and even crack 100k from time to time.
Luno is not as liquid as the big exchanges, which means there is less competition and incentive to sell at a lower price.
Lets look at an example. I know Luno does not operate in the US, but let's assume it does (we can use any country).
Assume that 1BTC = $1000 and 1$ = R13.00 (on XE for example)
If John in the USA wants to sell 1BTC and I want to buy it, John will expect $1000.
That means that Luno has to be in a position to deposit $1000 into John's bank account.
I can assure you that John will not accept R13000.
Luno has to now buy $1000 dollars with Rands.
I can also assure you that Luno will not pay R13000 for the $1000.
Luno will have to apply the
bying rate + fees, and also fees to transfer this money to the USA.
On XE for example, they will show the
average $/R rate without any fees.
So I will have to pay a lot more than R13000.
Even though Bitcoin is universal, once you start using exchanges that use fiat currencies, then the fiat currency rules apply.
I agree there will be short term discrepancies between various exchanges, but a major reason for Luno being higher is my explanation above.