David Cameron paid almost £76,000 in tax on an income of more than £200,000 in 2014-15, his accounts show.
In a first for a UK prime minister, Mr Cameron released a summary of his tax returns over the past six years as he tried to defuse a row over his financial affairs.
Papers show he was gifted two lots of £100,000 by his mother a year after inheriting £300,000 from his father.
When Ian Cameron died in 2010, the inheritance tax threshold was £325,000.
The prime minster said he was publishing the information to be "completely open and transparent".
On Saturday, he admitted he could have better handled the row over his financial affairs, telling people to "blame me" for this rather than nameless advisors at Downing Street.
In the six years from 2009 to 2015, Mr Cameron earned a total of almost £1.1m and paid about £400,000 in income tax, according to the three-page summary.
Part of his earnings came from rental income from his family home in west London. Last year, Mr Cameron's 50% share of rent, minus expenses, was close to £47,000.