http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-28987787
Millions of children in England will begin a "tough" new national curriculum when they return to school this week.
Five-year-olds will learn fractions and computer coding, while those in early secondary school will have to study at least two Shakespeare plays.
The curriculum is being implemented for most year groups simultaneously.
Teachers' leaders say the timetable is unrealistic, but the Department for Education said its aim was to prepare children for "life in modern Britain".
A spokesman said the government wanted "all children to learn the core knowledge in key subjects - the ones universities and employers value the most".
All state primary and secondary schools have to start teaching the new national curriculum from the start of term.
The rewritten national curriculum, described by the prime minister as "rigorous, engaging and tough", sets out the framework for what children should be taught between the ages of five and 14.
However, academies - which are now a majority of secondary schools - will not be required to follow the curriculum.
Former education secretary Michael Gove has said changes were necessary for England to keep pace with the most successful education systems in the world.
The new-look curriculum puts a stronger emphasis on skills such as "essay writing, problem-solving, mathematical modelling and computer programming".
The history curriculum takes primary pupils through British history from the Stone Age to the Normans. They can also study a later era, such as the Victorians. "Significant individuals" to be studied include Elizabeth I, Neil Armstrong, Rosa Parks and suffragette Emily Davison. Secondary schools will teach British history from 1066 to 1901, followed by Britain, Europe and world events from 1901, including the Holocaust and Winston Churchill
Maths will expect more at an earlier age. There will be a requirement for pupils to learn their 12 times table by the age of nine. Basic fractions, such as half or a quarter, will be taught to five-year-olds. By the end of Year 2, pupils should know the number bonds to 20 and be precise in using and understanding place value
English will strengthen the importance of Shakespeare, with pupils between the ages of 11 and 14 expected to have studied two of his plays. Word lists for eight- and nine-year-olds include "medicine" and "knowledge", by 10 and 11 they should be spelling "accommodate" and "rhythm"
Science will shift towards a stronger sense of hard facts and "scientific knowledge". In primary school, there will be new content on the solar system, speed and evolution. In secondary school, there will be a clearer sense of the separate subjects of physics, biology and chemistry. Climate change will also be included
Design and technology is linked to innovation and digital industries. Pupils will learn about 3D printing and robotics
Computing will teach pupils how to write code. Pupils aged five to seven will be expected to "understand what algorithms are" and to "create and debug simple programs". By the age of 11, pupils will have to "design, use and evaluate computational abstractions that model the state and behaviour of real-world problems and physical systems"
Last edited: