This study adds 2 critical pieces of evidence on the
issue of the potential aggression-enhancing effects of
violent video games. First, it confirms that habitually
playing violent video games leads to increases in physical
aggression some months later in children and
adolescents, relative to those who do not play violent
video games. Second, it demonstrates that such longitudinal
effects occur in highly individualistic cultures
with high societal levels of physical aggression
and violence (the United States), and in more collectivistic
cultures with low levels of physical aggression
and violence. That both cultures yielded significant
longitudinal effects of approximately the same magnitude
illustrates the power of violent video games to
affect children’s developmental trajectories in a harmful
way. These findings also further suggest that common
social learning processes underlie media violence
effects across cultures, and contradict another popular
alternative hypothesis: that only highly aggressive
children (either by nature, culture, or other socialization
factors) will become more aggressive if repeatedly
exposed to violent video games.