A mega star is born

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Using powerful telescopes peering into deep space, astronomers
have confirmed a key theory about the formative of massive stars,
the journal Nature reported on Wednesday.

Images obtained by NASA's orbital Spitzer Space Telescope and
from a ground-based European telescope showed a dusty disc closely
encircling a newly-born but huge star.

It is the first direct evidence that very large stars -- those
with masses at least 10 times that of the Sun -- are born in the
same way as smaller brethren, from a disk-shaped cloud of dust and
gas.

A competing theory was that massive stars were formed from
smaller stars that merged.

"This is the first time we could image the inner regions of the
disc around a massive young star," said Stefan Kraus of the
European Southern Observatory.

"Our observations show that formation works the same for all
stars, regardless of mass."
The astronomers looked at a large star known as IRAS 13481-6124,
about 20 times the mass of the Sun, located about 10,000 light
years in the constellation of Centaurus.
 
Most people take it for granted that the known star-formation model is based on what is known from the study of lower-mass stars (~2 solar masses). It was assumed that one could simply scale the accretion process up to meet the requirements for the formation of stars that are more massive, but calculations done in the early 90s showed that the outward radiation pressure of an 8 solar mass star would be greater than the momentum of the infalling material. This created a problem in understanding how exactly O and B type stars, and more massive stars like Wolf-Rayet stars were formed.
In the late 90s a theory emerged suggesting a scenario in which protostellar collisions occurred, leading to coalescence. This approach had its problems too, because it couldn't explain why the required gravitational interactions didn't lead to more close binary systems being observed amongst massive stars. This theory started losing momentum a few years later going into the 00s, but observational evidence was still needed to settle the argument once and for all, so this is a very important discovery.
 
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