Bacteria makes evolutionary leap

[Devill]

Okay don't be a racist now

But i am and ive said it a few times

I hate black people
I hate white people
I hate mixed race people
I hate asians people

The whole thing about speciation can be quite complex, and not a little fuzzy. Genes do differ within species, and species are often defined by geographics or breeding separation, rather than by physical features.

good point

Neither is more evolved than the other. Different environment = different outcome.

Lol, the thing that i just dont get is that if we all "origenated" form (a) single cell organism/s, why did those of us that live in the same parts not evolve into the same thing. iow why didnt africa just have elephants....Asian people....America lions....ect ect .... Would all single celled organisms at first try to "evolution-jump" towards the same point? (please note my expl is simplified A LOT)

 

[Praeses]

But i am and ive said it a few times

I hate black people
I hate white people
I hate mixed race people
I hate asians people



good point



Lol, the thing that i just dont get is that if we all "origenated" form (a) single cell organism/s, why did those of us that live in the same parts not evolve into the same thing. iow why didnt africa just have elephants....Asian people....America lions....ect ect .... Would all single celled organisms at first try to "evolution-jump" towards the same point? (please note my expl is simplified A LOT)

Mutation is a random event. One cell gets mutation A, the other gets mutation B, environments change, each have their own advantages, disadvantages and are different yet both survive et cetera? Or do I understand your question incorrectly? There's no "trying" to accomplish anything nor some goal to try and achieve. (but that's probably due to your simplification?). Random events occur, selection happens, different organisms survive and others die off. They procreate, x generations later, the above events occur again etc. Result = variation.

 

[Teleological]

Mutation is a random event.

Are all mutations completely random or are some context-dependent?

A few examples of context-dependent mutagenesis:
1) The A-rule [a].
2) In Escherichia coli cells expressing the mutA allele, transitions are increased 13-fold (equally between G:C→A:T and A:T→G:C) and transversions are elevated 35-fold, with G:C→T:A, G:C→C:G and A:T→C:G elevated 28-, 13- and 27-fold, respectively, while A:T→T:A mutations are increased 348-fold .
3) Impaired Ump1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) function leads to an increase in spontaneous mutations whereby the majority where G:C→T:A transversions (50%) and G:C→A:T transitions (30%) [c].
4) SOS mutagenesis is well-known and likely due to the error-prone synthesis across a blocking lesion when a polymerase makes a misinsertion error. SOS-induced A:T→T:A errors are increased 10-fold and most-likely occurs in the lagging strand [d].
5) Cytosine deamination is a major cause of G:C→A:T transitions. From another perspective?
6) Evolution under intrinsic control?. 2.
6) Transcription affects guanine to thymine mutations in the non-transcribed strand [e].

[a] Strauss BS. The "A" rule revisited: polymerases as determinants of mutational specificity. DNA Repair (Amst). 2002 Feb 28;1(2):125-35.
Balashov S, Humayun MZ. Specificity of spontaneous mutations induced in mutA mutator cells. Mutat Res. 2004 Apr 14;548(1-2):9-18.
[c] McIntyre J, Baranowska H, Skoneczna A, Halas A, Sledziewska-Gojska E. The spectrum of spontaneous mutations caused by deficiency in proteasome maturase Ump1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet. 2007 Nov;52(5-6):221-8.
[d] Maliszewska-Tkaczyk M, Jonczyk P, Bialoskorska M, Schaaper RM, Fijalkowska IJ. SOS mutator activity: unequal mutagenesis on leading and lagging strands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Nov 7;97(23):12678-83.
[e] Klapacz J, Bhagwat AS. Transcription promotes guanine to thymine mutations in the non-transcribed strand of an Escherichia coli gene. DNA Repair (Amst). 2005 Jul 12;4(7):806-13.

Research into the nature of context-dependent mutations, the epigenetic control thereof and their effect on protein geometry and functionality should also be interesting in light of these e. coli "citrate importers". Don't you think?

There's no "trying" to accomplish anything nor some goal to try and achieve. (but that's probably due to your simplification?). Random events occur, selection happens, different organisms survive and others die off. They procreate, x generations later, the above events occur again etc. Result = variation.

Cells are setup in such a way to prevent mutations, so yes the goal is to replicate the genome to minimize errors. A brilliant design, irrespective of whether it is the result of random variation and selection or the result of agency or both.

 

[cerebus]

I feel that tele is much maligned personally. But then I suppose I would think that. Anyway I appreciate his posts.

 

[Devill]

Mutation is a random event. One cell gets mutation A, the other gets mutation B, environments change, each have their own advantages, disadvantages and are different yet both survive et cetera? Or do I understand your question incorrectly? There's no "trying" to accomplish anything nor some goal to try and achieve. (but that's probably due to your simplification?). Random events occur, selection happens, different organisms survive and others die off. They procreate, x generations later, the above events occur again etc. Result = variation.

ok yes its maybe due to OVER simplyfication
thx for the answer.

Variation is not evolution , And thus i was asking how they link all the above mentioned, from you, with evlution .....

 

[SK33T]

Very intresting topic,thx for the read guys.
Then after the read it begs the question "what exacly is life?"

Does it have to breathe,move,reproduce or just simply exist?

 

[HavocXphere]

Very intresting topic,thx for the read guys.
Then after the read it begs the question "what exacly is life?"

Does it have to breathe,move,reproduce or just simply exist?

I think the "official" requirements were it must reproduce and it must have DNA. Biology was long ago though.