ANONYMOUS Africa, a so-called hacktivist group, briefly shut down about 50 websites on Wednesday, including Independent Newspapers’ Independent Online (IOL).
The attack was justified on the grounds that the website was "ignoring the genocide against the Ndebele people and for ‘supporting’ a dictator". The group was protesting against an opinion piece on the Sunday Independent website claiming that Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe was a heroic African leader.
Anton Harber, Caxton professor of journalism at Wits University, said this was "an attack on the rights to free expression" of those who support Mr Mugabe.
"Freedom of speech means tolerating even — or especially — opinions one dislikes. They can disagree, even protest, but vandalising a newspaper site and preventing the expression of different opinions is a thuggish attack on freedom of expression."
The article was part of a debate series run on the site, said IOL editor Alastair Otter. It suffered a denial of service (DOS) attack, meaning that its server was flooded with so much traffic that it was overwhelmed and readers were prevented from gaining access to the website.
The group, which uses the twitter handle @zim4thewin, warned in one of its tweets that it would "go after more fun targets". The group on Wednesday attacked the websites of Zimbabwean political party Zanu (PF) and the state-owned Herald newspaper.
Costa Koutakis, chief client officer at Internet Solutions, which hosts the IOL server, said the attack was "well orchestrated" and came from multiple sources. The fact that the traffic emanated from different places made it look legitimate and so it did not trigger monitoring systems, he said.
Mr Otter said such attacks are particularly hard to prevent as they do not rely on breaking into servers. Mr Koutakis said Internet Solutions is seeking a way to prevent such attacks.