I guess ill try start, all FNO's would be different that is for sure.
FNO's who do L2 would probably allow the ISP to pass a full 1500 packet, the VLAN tags will get added on top of that on ingress so still a 1500 packet - theoretically if running PPPoE (8) encapsulation the max MTU should be 1492, you will see most ISP's on 1480 ?
You on OS - That is different, they use a LAC/LNS config, so you dial PPPoE, they then switch the PPP frames into a L2TP UDP tunnel - so in theory max MTU of 1460 ?
You basically need the ISP to tell you, as for example the FNO's could just enable jumbo frames on their switches and all of the above goes out of the water
An interesting one - The older Calix ONT's were 1500 - 4, 1496 . The 2x VLAN tags were overhead, so with PPPoE it was 1488 - that caught many out.