- News24 has traced the head of a network spreading disinformation in South Africa, India, Wales, and the US.
- The network gained traction locally with a viral - and entirely false - story about a Cape Town congestion tax.
- By following a trail of digital breadcrumbs, News24 identified the man behind the network as Raju “Raj” Singh, a marketer based in northern India with at least nine dubious websites to his name.
In May 2025, a tip-off was received by News24’s Disinformation Desk. It linked to a news article - unusually detailed and locally specific - that claimed the City of Cape Town was about to implement a congestion tax on motorists entering the city centre.
The story quickly gained traction, prompting an official debunk by the City. But an initial News24 investigation revealed it was not a one-off hoax. Rather, it is part of a larger, coordinated network of fake news websites, styled to resemble local news outlets, running hundreds of stories targeting South Africa.
Topics were varied and published in large quantities, with dozens of entirely fabricated stories about universal basic income grants, the draft National Health Bill, fuel price hikes, and new recycling laws. Some were too transparently false to gain traction. However, as the congestion tax story demonstrated, all it took was one to leave the context of the website and go viral on Facebook and WhatsApp.
From fake journalist to real man in the foothills of the Himalayas
The articles on these sites carried the byline “Raju Singh”, described in his bio as an “experienced journalist” with “more than 10 years of reporting on South African news”, and a tiny, almost indecipherable profile picture. Both proved crucial to uncovering the owner’s identity.
The bio, like the articles, was fake. There is no such journalist operating in South Africa. But buried in the sites’ code and content were the clues that eventually revealed the identity and location of its owner, in an office several thousand kilometres from South Africa.
The first clues were down to laziness and naivety. At least two sites spreading disinformation in South Africa used the same generic WordPress theme, the same fake author, and were registered with the same German domain provider.
The biggest mistake, however, was ego. Although the websites were all fictitious, the creator of this network inserted a version of his real name into each of them - as the made-up persona of a fake South African journalist, Raju Singh.
Still, Raju Singh is a common name across India, and a general Google search revealed several million returns. At best, with local qualifiers, it led us to more of his fake news websites, but nothing that showed who he really is. Fortunately, however, he left other clues to follow up on.
Extracting a Google Analytics (GA) tracking code from one of his fake news websites revealed that it was part of a much larger network. And while a GA code does not collect personal information, if multiple sites use the same one, it is a strong indicator they are operated by the same person.