There is nothing I have come across that gives any empirical evidence of purpose ( "purpose", not your Aristotelian "ends" ), or that cannot be adequately explained without introducing "purpose". If you would like to provide some such evidence - convincing please - then I might have to re-evaluate that view.
And just because I quote certain parts of what Carnap says does not mean I worship his whole kitten kaboodle.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_ignorance
What you are essentially doing is saying that if you see no evidence of purpose and everything is explainable without it then there can't be any purpose. It is likely no. 4 actually. We do not have any real means to investigate purpose. What you are examining is not life but an abstract of life. An abstract is a diminished version of a reality that doesn't take all factors into account. Life functions with no noticeable difference without taking into account the question of purpose. That does not mean purpose doesn't exist.
A simple counter example would be an electronic simulation. It works like the real thing and gives the correct result but it does not take into account things like wiring resistance and quantum noise. That does not mean those things don't exist, we know they do. It simply means they don't make a measurable difference most of the time. Your conclusion is therefor an illogical one.
I gave a working definition of "purpose" some pages back. Purposelessness would be the state of having no such purpose.
An experiment would be interesting. One would have to work out what in the natural world could exhibit intention. Of course, if that murdering rock over there had an unhappy childhood, it was probably not its fault it committed the crime LOL!
Sorry I missed it. So just reiterate is it something that's made to accomplish a particular task or goal or is it something that is simply useful on some level independent of how it came to be? If it's the latter there may be experiments you can perform - fire creates heat, heat can boil water, boiling water can cook food. If it's the former I'm afraid you have no leg to stand on. The problem you're facing is that of cause and effect. We can only examine current causes and the current effects of past causes. We can speculate about what those past causes were but hell you can't even know how life sprang up like a mushroom against all odds so the claim that life exhibits no purpose is pretty much bunk. It has no purpose in YOUR frame of view but that says absolutely nothing about the larger context.
Oh I see from post #68 it appears to be the former indeed. You claim that metaphysics is bunk. You cite Carnap as rejecting it. Just because Carnap rejects it from any premise he's willing to accept in favour of empirical observation doesn't mean it doesn't exist. We can thus infer that Carnap is simply not willing to accept some premises. Oops a contradiction here. You appeal to science to solve a metaphysical problem but science can't even prove itself correct without some metaphysical assumptions. So if you reject metaphysics as bunk you have to reject science. Need another shovel there?
@Porchrat: You're harping on the wrong person. It's Rwenzori that claims purpose is empirically testable. We don't think it is and you don't think it is either. Once we get a test or not of this we can move on. Sorry for disrupting your playground with valid discussion but since I have this typed I'm posting it.
oooh oooh a species wide disease precipitated on a mythical event which leaves their bones twice as thick as modern humans.....
Support your mythical event.
You're still missing the boat entirely. It does not matter what "mythical" event occurred or not. The article cites even more "experts" disagreeing with each other. The doctors seem to think they should diagnose bone diseases while anthropologists seem to think only they can. So who the **** does have the qualifications? It's not like we can test their conclusions without referring to their conclusions. If fossils are as well preserved as claimed then it should be a simple task for a doctor. If not then we have the problem of relying on reconstructions. Reconstruction relies largely on the paradigm you're using. We know from past experience that fossils are not nearly as well preserved as people would like them to be and we know how a pigs tooth can take on its own life in the form of your tree swinging great great great ... grandpa.
You're also latching on to the false claim that CreationWiki addresses. None of them cite disease as the only cause but rather an attributing factor. Whatever morphological differences remain look at what the rest say. Even with all the differences, including possible disease related ones, some wouldn't even classify Neanderthal as a different human subspecies.