Background to upgrading initiatives in Cape Town
In light of a national policy void on informal settlements, and the failure of the housing
programme to keep up with informal settlement growth, local governments have been forced
to fund and implement ad hoc servicing projects to address the urgent service needs of these
areas (Pottie, 2003). Policy documents reveal that officials in the Western Cape have long
since realised that the provision of subsidised formal housing would never eliminate the
housing backlog or eradicate informal settlements in the city, and hence incremental
upgrading is presented as a pragmatic response to the scale of the informal settlement
problem (WCHC, 2002; WCDOH, 2003; WCDOH, 2004; City of Cape Town, 2003; City of
Cape Town, 2004a; 2004b).
The constraint labelled by officials as ‘community politics’ refers to disagreements between
the City and the community leaders over levels of service and location of services, claimed by
residents to be the result of a lack of consultation.
A striking feature of the ESIS Project was
how many disruptions were caused by disputes over opportunities and payment for casual
employment of settlement residents during the installation of services. The universal
expectation that any manual labour involved in upgrading must be recruited from the
settlement involved has become an accepted feature of state projects across South Africa.
Residents in a number of settlements were willing to disrupt the ESIS Project and sacrifice the
benefit of basic services in order to get jobs, or to be paid more for these jobs.
This phenomenon would seem to indicate that the employment potential of the ESIS Project was
seen by residents to be more important than the services themselves. There is thus an
interesting shift in emphasis from the residents’ perspective with their primary demand for
basic services being superseded by the demand for jobs, at least in the short-term, which
may have implications for the form and viability of future projects.
The City acknowledges that a lack of data and knowledge around livelihoods strategies, incomes and affordability levels in
informal settlements affects the appropriateness and sustainability of their interventions. It
aims to address these issues through socio-economic surveys in upcoming upgrading
projects.
http://web.wits.ac.za/NR/rdonlyres/0232342F-EB6B-4D8D-8849-7EDABD07663A/0/NickGraham.pdf