Activation Lock is pretty damn hard locked, but only applies to machines that have the T2 chip in.
Far as I've read, it is impossible to get past that lock.
Unless you have the original purchase receipt or you have access to the Apple account that the laptop is registered to.
And as I said, my understanding is, you can remote lock a laptop once that laptop is opted into your account.
So someone can sell you a laptop on airplane mode and then you connect to the internet and RIP laptop.
So super important to make sure you unlock that before concluding the transaction.
ie. if they stole the laptop, never connected to the internet, they show you the laptop logged in.
You go home, connect to internet and the lock applies because it called home to Apple.
And in case it isn't clear to anyone, this is at the "BIOS" level
This was what I ran into, I bought a new laptop, set the password and then I couldn't create a partition in the BIOS without an internet connection.
I tried to keep the laptop offline so I could just reinstall, clean slate from a USB stick, but nope, needed to have internet active to install new from a USB stick where it verified I'm the owner of the laptop.
There was no way around this.
Whether you can login or not is immaterial because you as soon as you remove the partition you can't put a new one on there without calling home to Apple.
All this to verify ownership.
Goes without saying the whole thing is locked down tight, there are no exploits or just replace this or that and you are home free.
On the Intel hardware, rumor is you can remove the RAM sticks and get past this.
But Apple silicone, not even maybe.