I wonder how they figured this one out?
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Observational science yeah it is a thing, it is as old as time, literally as you can view things as they were 13.5billion years ago.
Countless things ancients discovered have been lost, we have rediscovered several of their inventions or things.
Just some example of things we rediscovered, there is also a few things of we don't know or we don't exactly know.
Roman Concrete: The Romans perfected a method of mixing volcanic ash, lime, and seawater to create a durable concrete that, in some cases, has outlasted modern Portland cement structures. The exact recipe and method were lost for centuries and not recovered until the 18th century.
The Antikythera Mechanism: This complex bronze device, discovered in a shipwreck dated to the 1st or 2nd century BC, is considered the earliest known analog computer, used for charting astronomical positions and predicting eclipses. Knowledge of such intricate gear-based mechanisms disappeared for over a thousand years.
Greek Fire: The Byzantine Empire used an incendiary weapon that could burn on water, a form of primitive napalm. The precise chemical composition and manufacturing method were a closely guarded secret and are still not fully known today.
Damascus Steel: Blades forged with this type of steel were renowned for their exceptional strength and cutting ability. The method for creating the specific internal structure (using wootz steel from India) was lost around the 18th century and is still debated by metallurgists.
Perspective in Art: The concept of linear perspective was understood and used by artists in antiquity but was lost after the fall of the Roman Empire and not recovered until the Renaissance.
Ancient Texts and Literature: The destruction of major libraries, such as the Library of Alexandria and the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, resulted in the permanent loss of countless works on philosophy, science, and literature. Recovered works, like a copy of Lucretius' De Rerum Natura found in a German monastery in 1417, were instrumental in shaping new eras like the Renaissance.
Mummification and Advanced Medical Practices: Ancient Egyptians had advanced knowledge of anatomy and preservation techniques (mummification) that were held secret by chief priests and largely lost after foreign conquests.
Sustainable Agriculture: Ancient civilizations developed highly effective, localized agricultural methods, such as the Aztec chinampas (floating gardens) or Peruvian reservoir systems, that are being "rediscovered" for modern sustainable practices