What we know is:
You write a disc in machine A (the problematic one) and you cant read it thereafter in said machine. Q - can you read that freshly written disc in another machine? If not then the problem is PC related (MB or OS).
Determine if the disc is readable at all on another machine. I'm gonna throw a guess that it is not. We also know that the original samsung works fine in another machine, as you have indicated. So the problem is not hardware, unless you have a screwy mobo. its easier to reload another version of windows than to strip a whole pc!