Memory management change, foreground app priority. If you are a normal user with a modern device, most of the time it wouldn't really matter, but it should be great for weaker machines.
Edge has "sleeping" tabs, same as every other browser basically does, dropping non-used tabs to disk.
Resume from sleep (S3, RAM power, everything else not), optimization for calls to hardware for memory management, some changes for thread priority. They claim 25% improvement, whatever that means, usually resume from sleep is a few seconds and completely dependent on use-case, they do state device should be able to stay in sleep state for longer as less power usage from resume.
Logins should be faster, disk footprint improvement as lots of apps are now "stubs" and only install at first launch (e.g. sticky notes). Compression improvements, think this has more to do with they can load better defaults now since hardware cutoff, e.g. Xpress8k
(compact GUI has a nice interface for that) has near no performance overhead on modern systems for compression/decompression while having a bit of disk space improvement, they probably did something like that.
Windows 11 one feature update per year, 24 months for home/pro support, enterprise/education 36 months. Windows 11 update engine improved, better packaging, now only pulls new stuff instead of everything, up to 40% reduction in sizes. More controls for windows update for business, lots of granularity to what you want to patch, e.g. allowing feature updates to be deferred while zero day vulnerability can be patched immediately. Active hours now has "AI" to know when you're generally not active to install updates.
Windows 10 MEM policies should work on W11.