Thanks - but if you add a contact or calendar event, will it end up in your Google contacts/calendar?
I am not sure about any event but I know that with appointments there is an emailing option for non-Microsoft accounts. I send my appointment notices to my Yahoo! email account and that's how it appears in my Yahoo! account. As for my Outlook calendar, even if I don't send a notice to it via email I will still see it in the Outlook calendar on PC, phone or tablet. I would imagine this is what you are expecting. i.e. that it appears in your Google calendar automatically from a Microsoft account (hence device in this case).
I think you need to understand that operating systems are self serving. The addition to the calendars are automatic within in their own systems. I don't know whether my Outlook calendar would be automatically updated with a new event which I set up on my Android tablet even if I've added my Microsoft account to it. I will try it and see.
But, logically speaking, the automatic update of the event should occur on a Google account/calendar from a Google device, on an Outlook calendar from a Windows device and on an iCloud calendar from an iOS device. They are self serving.
If you want the notice/notification on your Google account from a Microsoft device, there is the option of emailing the notice to your Google email account as you create the event/appointment on a Windows device.
The same for contacts. If you create a contact on your Windows Phone it will certainly appear automatically in your Outlook contacts list. I am not sure if it will appear in your Google Mail account, even if your Gmail account is loaded onto the phone. I'm not sure if a contact I create on my Android device will automatically appear in my Outlook account even if I've loaded my Outlook account onto my Android device.
Update:
Nope. I've created a new contact in my Google account - much the same as creating a new contact on my Android device, and my Outlook account was not updated with the new contact, even though my Gmail account is on my Windows Phone device.