- In the lowlands of Cape Town there used to be many marsh and floodplain wetlands known as “vleis”. In the past, most of these wetlands were seasonal – flooded in winter but dry in summer.
- Sand is usually well drained, so how did these wetlands form in the sandy soil of Cape Town’s lowlands? In many parts of the city there are layers of rock (calcrete, ferricrete or silcrete) under the sand. The rock prevents the water from soaking away, causing it to form pools when it rains.
- Urban development has changed Cape Town’s wetlands radically. Many small wetlands have been drained or filled in, while others have become permanent lakes because they receive large volumes of water from storm-water drains, e.g. Zeekoevlei and Princessvlei.