1. Is dew harmful ie. can it damage my primary mirror if I let it get dewed up and then close the scope up and take it inside for the night?
You have a Orion XT8, the smaller version to my XT10. Honestly, I can't say that I've ever had any problems with dew on my primary mirror, although that could just be because of my location. In principle Newtonian reflectors aren't that prone to dew, aside from dew on the secondary mirror on the front of the scope.
Dew can't really damage your mirrors (aside from creating streaks and water spots), but it wouldn't be a good idea to store the scope while there's dew on the scope. Allow it to dry off while indoors and then store it.
2. What can I do the prevent dew from cutting a nights observing short? (as it did last night)
You could try adding a dew shield. With refractors and CATs they help to prevent dew from forming on the corrector plate/front lens. If you have access to a power outlet and a hair-dryer you could give the scope an occasional blow (on coldest setting) to prevent dew from forming, or to evaporate dew that has already formed.
3. Can one see the ISS through a 8 inch scope? The software that came with my telescope also plots the path of many man made satelites, and the ISS is passing over just below the southern cross tonight just after sunset. It is going to be reasonably bright - mag 3.4 so i am sure ill see it, but my question is will i be able to see structure detail (or people waving
) through my telescope?
If you are lucky enough to catch it in view, then you should be able to detect some structure. Honestly you will have to set up your scope and have it pointed in the right direction in anticipation of the ISS moving through the FoV. I haven't even tried to manually track it. It will be moving extremely fast at any reasonable magnification. To give you an idea, someone imaged the ISS transiting in front of the Sun. The whole transit took 0.49s!
4. There is a shadow transit by Io over Jupiter tomorrow morning from 05:30 to 06:30, and I wanted to know if a 8 inch scope will actually be able to see this shadow?
That will depend on the seeing conditions and how well your scope is collimated. During some good seeing I managed to spot Io's shadow on a few occasions. The 8" should be able to do the same.