No, it does not automatically assign a preset synchronization profile according to line quality. Telkom has preset profiles - the ones I know include 1Mbps, 2Mbps, 3Mbps, 4Mbps, 6Mbps, 8Mbps, and 10Mbps. Now if for example your line is set to 10Mbps PROFILE on Telkom's side, and your line attenuation or noise levels are inadequate to support that profile, then the modem will simply sync at the highest attainable rate WITHIN that very profile. This is not a distinct profile at all - it could be an arbitrary number like 8352 kbps, but still on a 10mbps profile - it did not magically adjust to Telkom's "next best" profile, at all, and you will still be billed according to the profile set for your account on Telkom's side.
To be honest I think we're just arguing past each other, but this is because you interchanged "sync profile" with "max attaintable rate", when they are not the same thing - "max attainable rate" is not a distinct profile, but an arbitrary sync rate determined by line conditions, and the profiles are not determined automatically based on line quality -- as you said yourself: those are fixed, on Telkom's side, and setting a lower one may often help with stability where the modem would otherwise choose an over-ambitious rate