White, Blue and Purple items are not really sold to players, only newbies (on noob island) desperate for a weapon will take them. You won't get anything of value for it in return, maybe a few 100 gold at most.
The gold (and sometimes green) weapons you can sell to players but then only if it is really worth something based on it's skin (how the weapon looks), how rare it is and its requirements.
The green weapons (unique monster drops) have dropped a lot in price, so they are almost not sold anymore ingame to players.
White, Blue and Purple items are better to be sold to the merchant. If you salvage them, you won't get anything of value out of it really, just like what you saw, one iron ingot. It is not worth it, especially considering what a salvage kit cost.
The only time the above is incorrect, is if there is a "Highly Salvageable" inscription on the item. THEN you can salvage the item and either sell the materials to a material trader or put it in your storage vault.
Don't you have the game box? There is a manual in there. There are very good online resources for new players, which are the wiki sites.
http://wiki.guildwars.com (Official wiki)
http://guildwars.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page (Unofficial wiki)
It would also be advisable to join a guild that can show you the ropes.
No, there are no professions like in WoW. You do farming in PvE, mostly to earn money and also by playing the game. Playing the game normally should get you more than enough money to buy at least one elite armor set. This means 75k and upwards.
Then you must pick up all your assigned items and sell them or work out which will be the most profitable (which I sorta explained above).
Hope this helps.