Finished a degree, applied to an internship, got a call an hour later for an interview, went for interview on the Monday, got an offer about two hours later.

Real job: finished next level of degree, made profile on offerzen, applied for job, got interview scheduled a week later, next day job offer.
But for most:
Web developer:
Build a small portfolio, e.g. pick a site you like and model a design after it and try and implement it using bootstrap. Just do the HTML+CSS. Upload that to github.
Then start a new project, model a site you like again, pick something like a blog, and make it so it uses JS to pull the content and use SASS or LESS.
Once you got that going, set up a Vue project, rebuild that site you just did.
You're now more than qualified as a junior for web development.
For design:
Create some designs, can wireframe them.
For back-end:
Build a hello world app. You can apply now.

Slightly more serious: know data structures, build an app that's interesting. Can be something as dumb as a console based hangman. Once you can do that, you'll be more than good enough to apply to most places as a junior. You'll need to be careful as to where you apply to, make sure you pick a place with at least ~3 software dev teams, you don't want to be stuck with a place where you can't have a good mentor.
Degree helps in pretty much all cases, you'll also need to specify what type of developer you want to be, the field is broad. You don't have to stick with it as well, you can always move over if you feel like something else is more your thing. Nothing is really expected of a junior besides that you really have a passion to learn and you fit company culture, depends again on company and position you apply for. Everything you make, keep uploading it to Github, show that you're working, constantly improving.
One thing to note with devs: age isn't everything, there are old devs that are bad, there are old devs that are absolutely amazing, there are young devs that are utter crap, there are also ones that are amazing, it all depends on mindset of wanting to learn and trying to solve a problem as well as possible, realizing that what was the best solution yesterday may not be the best solution today, the field is constantly changing and you need to keep up with that change.