Actually, not a single teaching on faith and morals changed.
Andrew Brown is a well-known anti-Catholic journalist. His piece in
The Grauniad article shows the kind of ignorance of the Church that so many modern journalists evince - he sees the world through political eyes.
Vatican II did not change any teachings whatsoever, as it expressly said. It was a "pastoral council" dealing with
ways of engaging the modern world, not with dogmatic matters (ie issues relating to the
content of faith).
Unlike almost any other religion in the world, the Catholic Church very clearly distinguishes between doctrines which are
de fide (ie which the faithful are obliged to believe) and those which are not.
What Brown (and his ilk with unsubtle minds who cannot grasp nuance, only black and white) fails to realize - and what every informed Catholic knows - is that things like the type of government (monarchy, democracy, etc) have not ever been and indeed cannot ever be matters of faith or morals. There is nothing, for example, in democracy or autocracy
per se that makes one more just or superior than the other
per se. This is a social and historical variable, and therefore can never be a matter of faith. And it never has been in the Catholic Church. Diversity of opinion on these prudential issues is widely tolerated in the Church of a billion believers ... that some clerics opposed democracy, for example, is easily countered by those who support it, even in times when democracy was virtually unknown in the secular world.
The same goes with that widely used and rather loose term "anti-Semitism". It is easy to take some statements - modern or ancient - out of context and then use them anachronistically. This is what Brown and his ilk do. If you're really interested (which I suspect you're not), you could consult a good Jewish author like
Rabbi David Dallin, on this topic - he has made his business to study this exact topic in very great detail. Or then there's the Chief Rabbi of Rome during WWII, Rabbi Israel Zolli.
Brown writes as much out of ignorance as he does out of malice. The little piece you quote is of zero historical or comment value.