The port city of Cape Town faces “quite concentrated AGOA risks” as a centre for exporting citrus fruit, wine and car engines, frets its mayor, Geordin Hill-Lewis. He is from the Democratic Alliance (DA), a business-friendly party and junior partner in Mr Ramaphosa’s coalition government. Mr Hill-Lewis declares that South Africa has behaved “appallingly” towards America for years. “If there were a textbook for alienating friends, we have written it,” he says in his office overlooking the bustling docks. He suggests that big American firms have long chafed at post-apartheid laws that oblige many foreign firms to set up licensed local subsidiaries then sell 30% stakes in them to black business interests, under a system known as Black Economic Empowerment (BEE).