Lets go back to basics. Insulin helps manage sugar by assisting cells in absorbing glucose. When a user starts insulin therapy and begin getting blood sugar under control, glucose is absorbed and stored. So, the answer is as simple as the body's metabolic process as I posted above is now working correctly, wouldn't you say? If you go to a doctor and ask the doctor on how to help manage insulin related weight gain, they will recommend monitoring caloric intake.
Your cortisone question is so broad, you are not actually asking me a question. Cortisol induces breakdown of fat into usable energy. However, cortisol seems to not break down abdominal fat, but rather other sources of fat. Higher levels of cortisol leads to increase of ghrelin levels which therefore leads to increased eating (and fluid retention).
The solution? Burn off other areas of fat, so the body will eventually reduce the abdominal fat stores. How do you do that? Reduced caloric intake, or increased physical activity.
I think the biodiversity of the gut bacteria has something to do with this. We are also stumped as to why lactose intolerance onset happens in later years, and sometimes suddenly. I think there is a lot of discovery to happen here.